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Purpose. Advances in the brain and behavioral sciences are being made rapidly, vastly improving our understanding of healthy brain function and offering promise to the millions suffering from brain and behavioral disorders. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose to enable neuroscience and behavioral research through the development of novel, or the significant enhancement or improvement of currently existing, tools and approaches to be used in brain and behavioral research.Such tools and approaches could include those used in basic or clinical research, or for clinical treatment and care (e.g., assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of brain disorders).Research solicited under this funding opportunity announcement is not limited to any particular type of technology, level of analysis, or approach. Multidisciplinary teams of researchers are especially encouraged to apply. Technologies appropriate for study, development and enhancement under this FOA include hardware, software, and wetware (and combinations thereof).

Purpose. Advances in the brain and behavioral sciences are being made rapidly, vastly improving our understanding of healthy brain function and offering promise to the millions suffering from brain and behavioral disorders. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose to enable neuroscience and behavioral research through the development of novel, or the significant enhancement or improvement of currently existing, tools and approaches to be used in brain and behavioral research.Such tools and approaches could include those used in basic or clinical research, or for clinical treatment and care (e.g., assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of brain disorders).Research solicited under this funding opportunity announcement is not limited to any particular type of technology, level of analysis, or approach. Multidisciplinary teams of researchers are especially encouraged to apply. Technologies appropriate for study, development and enhancement under this FOA include hardware, software, and wetware (and combinations thereof).

Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued by the Office of Research on Womens Health (ORWH) and co-sponsoring NIH institutes and centers (ICs), is to promote innovative, interdisciplinary research that will advance new concepts in womens health research and the study of sex/gender differences. Recent research reports have established the importance of studying issues specific to women, including the scientific and clinical importance of analyzing data separately for females and males.ORWH is particularly interested in encouraging extramural investigators to undertake new interdisciplinary research to advance studies on how sex and gender factors affect women's health; however, applications in all areas of womens health and/or sex/gender research are invited.

-Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued by the Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) and co-sponsoring NIH institutes and centers (ICs), is to promote innovative, interdisciplinary research that will advance new concepts in women’s health research and the study of sex/gender differences. Recent research reports have established the importance of studying issues specific to women, including the scientific and clinical importance of analyzing data separately for females and males. ORWH is particularly interested in encouraging extramural investigators to undertake new interdisciplinary research to advance studies on how sex and gender factors affect women's health; however, applications in all areas of women’s health and/or sex/gender research are invited. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R03) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PAS-07-381, that solicits applications under the Small Research Grant and Exploratory/Developmental (R 21) award mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. It is anticipated that $1 to $1.5 million will be available for FY 2008. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration and costs of the applications received. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. To encourage behavioral and social science research on the causes and solutions to health and disabilities disparities in the U. S. population. Health disparities between, on the one hand, racial/ethnic populations, lower socioeconomic classes, and rural residents and, on the other hand, the overall U.S. population are major public health concerns. Emphasis is placed on research in and among three broad areas of action: 1) Public policy, 2) health care, and 3) disease/disability prevention. Particular attention is given to reducing "health gaps" among groups. Proposals that utilize an interdisciplinary approach, investigate multiple levels of analysis, incorporate a life-course perspective, and/or employ innovative methods such as system science or community-based participatory research are particularly encouraged. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) award mechanism and runs in parallel with the FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-07-379, that solicits applications under the R01 mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. During the first year of this announcement, the NIH anticipates supporting 10 to 20 awards. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. To encourage behavioral and social science research on the causes and solutions to health and disabilities disparities in the U. S. population. Health disparities between, on the one hand, racial/ethnic populations, lower socioeconomic classes, and rural residents and, on the other hand, the overall U.S. population are major public health concerns. Emphasis is placed on research in and among three broad areas of action: 1) Public policy, 2) health care, and 3) disease/disability prevention. Particular attention is given to reducing "health gaps" among groups. Proposals that utilize an interdisciplinary approach, investigate multiple levels of analysis, incorporate a life-course perspective, and/or employ innovative methods such as system science or community-based participatory research are particularly encouraged. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-07-380, that solicits applications under the R21 mechanism (FOA number to be provided). -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. During the first year of this announcement, the NIH anticipates supporting 20-30 awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite grant applications to support research in two key emerging areas in HIV neuropathogenesis research. One key area relates to understanding the mechanisms that regulate the changing phenotype of HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) disease in the era of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). A second area of emphasis are studies of viral (clade diversity) and host genetic mechanisms regulating HIV neuropathogenesis from a world wide perspective. Both basic and clinical research applications are encouraged. Multidisciplinary research teams and collaborative alliances are encouraged, but not required. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, RFA-MH-08-030, that solicits applications under the R01 mechanism. The R21 mechanism is intended to encourage new exploratory and developmental research projects. These studies may involve considerable risk but may lead to a breakthrough in a particular area or the development of novel techniques. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NIMH and NINDS intend to contribute approximately $1.2 million towards this initiative. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite grant applications to support research in two key emerging areas in HIV neuropathogenesis research. One key area relates to understanding the mechanisms that regulate the changing phenotype of HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) disease in the era of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). A second area of emphasis are studies of viral (clade diversity) and host genetic mechanisms regulating HIV neuropathogenesis from a world wide perspective. Both basic and clinical research applications are encouraged. Multidisciplinary research teams and collaborative alliances are encouraged, but not required. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, MH-08-031, that solicits applications under the R21 mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NIMH and NINDS intend to contribute approximately $1.4 million towards this initiative. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations. Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators (PDs/PIs). Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their institution/organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. Number of Applications. Applicants may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct. Number of PDs/PIs. More than one PD/PI, or multiple PDs/PIs, may be designated on the application.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invite applications to continue projects currently funded at the four National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium (NNTC) sites for a 5-year period beginning April 1, 2008. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to solicit applications to not only continue the current functions of the NNTC but to also expand the scope by requiring a proposed scientific agenda for the sites. The applications will therefore contain two separate sections. Part A is an identical description across all sites that will propose an overall NNTC scientific agenda and data sharing plan and Part B is an individual description from each site with fully justified budgets that discusses site recruitment, retention, and collection procedures and practices as well as how the individual site will address the broader NNTC scientific agenda. The NNTC is supported in its functions by a data coordinating center (DCC), currently known as the National Coordination Office (NCO). Competitive applications for a DCC are being sought under a separate but related RFA (see RFA-MH-08-020).  The NIMH intends to commit up to $4.95 million total costs and the NINDS intends to commit up to $2.5 million total costs in FY 2008 to fund 4 NNTC sites for a period of 5 years. This FOA will use the Cooperative Agreement (U01) award mechanism. Eligible Principal Investigators and organizations include: Applications may only be submitted by the 4 current PIs, or an appropriate designee from the institutions that represent the current 4 NNTC sites. An applicant institution may submit only one application in response to this RFA Resubmissions (formerly “revisions/amendments’) will not be accepted under this RFA. At this time it is not known whether or not this RFA will be reissued.

-Purpose. Support for the creation of new, multidisciplinary educational programs that will foster Global Health research and teaching within and between institutions, to be called Framework Programs for Global Health. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Research Education (R25) grant mechanism. -FIC and collaborating Institutes (NCI, NIEHS, NINDS, and NIBIB) together intend to commit up to $1.5 million in fiscal year (FY) 2008 to fund up to 11 new Framework awards in response to this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA).