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The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) encourage investigator-initiated research grant applications to study restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). The etiologies of these disorders are unknown, although there is evidence that central dopamine mechanisms are involved. Research should be aimed at an understanding of the pathogenesis of RLS and PLMD that will lead to new forms of treatment. The intent of this announcement is to intensify investigator-initiated research, to attract new investigators to the field, and to enhance interdisciplinary approaches to research in these areas.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIAID), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the Office of Research on Women"s Health (ORWH), and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine NCCAM), National Institutes of Health (NIH), invite applications for highly focused basic research integrated with the Women"s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) scope and structure. This PA is a renewal of PA-97-105, which was published in the NIH Guide on 09/05/1997.

The National Institutes of Health Autism Coordinating Committee (NIH/ACC) is implementing the aspects of the Children"s Health Act of 2000 that relate to autism. An important component of the Act is the establishment of Centers of Excellence in Autism Research by NIH. As a first stage in implementing this centers program, the NIH/ACC institutes are releasing this Request for Applications (RFA) to support teams of investigators in planning and developmental activities aimed at maximizing the probability that they will become highly qualified applicants for future Centers of Excellence in Autism Research support. Support under this RFA is intended to facilitate planning and developmental processes so that highly competitive applications for center support can be developed quickly. However, participation in this RFA or the review outcome of this participation, will not itself be a factor in the review of a subsequent Center application. Accordingly, teams with current autism research support, for example, may decide to submit a Center application without first having participated in this developmental RFA.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invite applications for the Institutional Research Training Programs: Increasing Diversity, that are expected to significantly enhance the number of minority scientists trained to conduct research in mental health, mental illness, drug abuse and neurological sciences.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) are committed to the discovery of effective treatments for neurological disorders, and invite applications for studies on the biology of non-human stem cells and regulation of their replication, development and function in the nervous system. The tremendous plasticity exhibited by stem and progenitor cells raises the possibility that they can be used to replace components and restore function to parts of the brain that have been compromised by congenital disorders, developmental malfunction, injury or disease. There is, however, little understanding of the behavior and regulation of these cells in the environment of the healthy brain, or in the nervous system altered by such conditions as stroke, trauma, spinal cord injury, sensory loss, Muscular Dystrophy, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis or mental illness. There are few studies on the long-term fates of transplanted cells within the nervous system or at other sites within the host. An understanding of environmental cues, age-dependent processes and genetic factors that govern the activities of these cells is crucial in order to develop safe and effective cell-replacement treatments. This Program Announcement encourages applications for support of ground-breaking research on non-human stem cells that address these issues.

The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to encourage the submission of applications for research to enhance stem cells as a model biological system. Research to isolate, characterize and identify totipotent and multipotent stem cells from nonhuman biomedical research animal models, as well as to generate reagents and techniques to characterize and separate those stem cells from other cell types is encouraged. Innovative approaches to the problems of making multipotent stem cells available from a variety of nonhuman sources, and to creating reagents that will identify those stem cells across species and allow for separation of multipotent stem cells from differentiated cell types, will be stressed. Accordingly, the Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21) and Research Project (R01) grant mechanisms will be used. This program announcement supersedes PA-99-086 issued earlier by the NCRR.

The National Center for Research Resources, National Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute on Aging, and National Institute on Drug Abuse, invite applications for the purpose of establishing methods for the efficient production of rat models that contain germ-line mutations that will facilitate the transfer of biological concepts to human health problems. Development of rat embryonic stem cell (ESC) technology by modification of current techniques or development of new approaches will meet the needs of researchers using the rat to study human health and disease. This initiative is designed for rat models only and should not include human subjects or tissues.

The goal of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to promote the identification of genes that cause or contribute to human neurological and neurobehavioral diseases. It is intended to encourage applications for genetics research projects with one or more of the following objectives: (1) to identify the gene or genes that produce disease susceptibility (2) to identify “modifier” genes that affect disease susceptibility or outcome and (3) to investigate the relationship between genotype and disease phenotype. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of such projects, collaborative studies are encouraged. Studies using invertebrate or vertebrate animal models are appropriate if they directly promote the identification of human disease susceptibility genes.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) invite research grant applications through this program announcement (PA) to support research focused on determining the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 associated neurobehavioral and neurological dysfunction. The objective of this cooperative effort is to foster investigations that will provide the foundation for the rapid development of therapeutic interventions to prevent and treat the effects of HIV-1 on the central nervous system (CNS). Applications ranging from basic research to clinical diagnosis and treatment are of interest. Multidisciplinary research teams and collaborative alliances are encouraged but not required.

This Program Announcement (PA) is to encourage investigator-initiated applications for research designed to exploit the power of mutagenesis screening in zebrafish in order to detect and characterize genes, pathways, and phenotypes of interest in development and aging, organ formation, behavior, and disease processes. Applications that propose to advance the technologies associated with such phenotyping also are welcome. This PA is a continuation of the program initiated by RFA HD-00-004, “Mutagenesis Screens/Phenotyping Tools for Zebrafish” (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HD-00-004.html). This effort stems from an NIH initiative with participation of the Institutes and Centers listed above, working though the Trans-NIH Zebrafish Coordinating Committee (TZCC, http://www.nih.gov/science/models/zebrafish/) under the co- chairmanship of NICHD and NIDDK. Since its formation in 1997, the committee has played an active role as an advocate for the zebrafish as an important model for development and disease research.