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The above sponsoring Institutes invite applications in response to this Program Announcement (PA) that will enhance our understanding of the etiology, extent, services, treatment, management, and prevention of child neglect. This PA is a follow-up to a 1999 Request for Applications designed to stimulate the development of programs of child neglect research at institutions that currently have strong research programs in related areas, and to bring the expertise of researchers from the child health, education, and juvenile justice fields into the child neglect research field. The PA is intended to foster ongoing programs of research on child neglect throughout NIH, the DOJ Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Children"s Bureau, and the ED Office of Special Education Programs, in order to encourage the continuation of the kind of research stimulated by the 1999 RFA. (The Office of Child Abuse and Neglect, in the Children"s Bureau, will participate pending the reauthorization of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act and the availability of funds.)

The Neurodegeneration and Clinical Trial Groups of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) request applications for centers to collaborate in the performance of a large, double-blind randomized trial of two or more potential neuroprotective agents in patients early in the course of Parkinson’s disease. Two types of applications are requested: for (1) a Coordinating Center, and (2) a Statistical Center. Applications for multiple Clinical Centers will be sought in a separate solicitation. The trial was called for in the NIH Parkinson Research Agenda (http://www.ninds.nih.gov/about_ninds/nihparkinsons_agenda.htm). The neuroprotectants to be tested in the trial have not yet been chosen and will be selected from among those proposed by the applicants who respond to this Request for Applications (RFA) as well as from those suggested by others, including NINDS grantees, pharmaceutical companies, patients, and patient advocates.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) invite applications for support of Microarray Centers. These Centers will support gene expression profiling in the nervous system through the application of microarray technologies. The Microarray Centers, which will function as a consortium, will provide reagents, services, and training to the neuroscience community, on a fee-for-service basis. The term “consortium” is used here to refer to the Centers that are funded through this RFA, and not to refer to non-grantee, participating organizations.

The purpose of this program announcement is to encourage grant applications for the support of research designed to elucidate the diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, genetics, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to Autistic Disorder ("autism") and autism spectrum disorders (Rett"s Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger"s Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, or "Atypical Autism").

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) invite applications to identify, characterize, and define differences in the immune response between males and females, including responses to exogenous and self-antigens, the innate and adaptive immune response, systemic and mucosal immune response, and regulation of the immune system by hormonal and non-hormonal sex differences. The intent of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to support multidisciplinary research on sex-based differences in immune responses that may be important in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and systemic sclerosis (SSc), as well as other immune mediated diseases, and the underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of such differences. Collaborative multidisciplinary research, involving investigators with expertise in various scientific disciplines and clinical specialties is encouraged. Both human studies and animal models with relevance to human disease are appropriate. Research that expands basic and clinical knowledge of the effect of sex, including hormonal and non-hormonal differences, on the immune response will facilitate development of improved therapeutic and preventive strategies for autoimmune diseases and other immune-mediated disorders. The focus of this RFA is the biological or physiological sex differences between males and females, studies of the cultural, social, and historical differences between males and females ("gender differences") are not responsive to this RFA.

This Request for Applications (RFA) solicits research grant applications to examine the feasibility of using Xenopus tropicalis for standard genetic manipulations. The research proposed should optimize the conditions required to perform efficient, large-scale mutagenesis, and should use the optimized parameters to perform small-scale mutagenesis, phenotyping, and gene cloning, identification, and characterization. Mutant animals, protocols, and data produced by these projects should be made available to the scientific community. We anticipate that the mutants, data and procedures developed by the projects funded under this RFA will enable Xenopus tropicalis to play a significant role in identifying and characterizing genes that regulate cellular and developmental processes.

This RFA solicits proposals for development of tools and techniques for the establishment of random and targeted sequence-tagged insertion libraries of embryonic stem (ES) cells that can be used to generate mutant mice in which the expression of the tagged gene could be controlled temporally and spatially. The development of such a resource for wide distribution to the scientific community would make it possible to scan the sequence database for any gene of interest and order the corresponding targeted ES cell line. Ideally, the insertional mutagenesis system developed would permit a wide range of genetic analyses and manipulations, including enhancer-trapping, conditional knockouts, conditional expression or overexpression, etc. It also would permit the larger community of investigators to utilize genomic resources efficiently.

This Request for Applications (RFA) solicits proposals for development of tools and techniques for the establishment of random and targeted sequence- tagged insertion libraries of embryonic stem (ES) cells that can be used to generate mutant mice in which the expression of the tagged gene could be controlled temporally and spatially. The development of such a resource for wide distribution to the scientific community would make it possible to scan the sequence database for any gene of interest and order the corresponding targeted ES cell line. Ideally, the insertional mutagenesis system developed would permit a wide range of genetic analyses and manipulations, including enhancer-trapping, conditional knockouts, conditional expression or overexpression, etc. It also would permit the larger community of investigators to utilize genomic resources efficiently.

The overall goal of this initiative is to invite qualified researchers to submit new research grant applications to conduct mechanistic studies using patients, patient materials or information from multi-site pediatric drug trials sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).

The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) encourage investigator-initiated research grant applications of therapeutic and pathogenic approaches for the muscular dystrophies. Responses to this program announcement may include studies in appropriate animal models or preclinical or clinical studies in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), myotonic dystrophy (DM), congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EMD), or other forms of muscular dystrophy.