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The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is committed to maintaining a diverse scientific and technology workforce as part of the NIH Action Plan for Addressing Health Disparities. The purpose of the Career Development Award For Minority Scholars In Neuroscience (referred to in the remaining text as the Neuroscience Scholars Award) is to support an intensive, supervised career development and scientific mentoring experience for promising minority investigators to obtain research independence during the performance period of the award. The proposed career development experience is expected to substantially contribute to the research capabilities of the applicant, and research should be in an area of interest to the NINDS. It is envisioned that funding support from the Neuroscience Scholars Award will bolster efforts to address the under- representation of minorities in biomedical and behavioral research by increasing the pool of well-trained minority research and health professionals who are competitively funded to conduct neuroscience research.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite research grant applications (R01) to investigate ethical issues in human subjects research. The Code of Federal Regulations - Protection of Human Subjects (45 CFR, Part 46) provides a regulatory framework that all NIH-supported researchers must follow. Recent developments in biomedical and behavioral research, however, including the rapid growth of new interventions and technologies (e.g., stem cells, genetics research), increasing involvement of foreign populations in clinical research, and concerns about financial conflicts of interest among researchers, challenge investigators' abilities to interpret and apply the regulations. Other situations (e.g., research with vulnerable populations, the use of data banks or archives, research on stigmatizing diseases or conditions) may present difficulties for identifying strategies, procedures, and/or techniques that will enhance/ensure the ethical involvement of human participants in research. The purpose of this program announcement is to solicit research addressing the ethical challenges of involving human participants in research in order to inform and optimize protections for human participation in research.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) solicit applications for grants to support studies focused on understanding the molecular and viral genetic factors controlling HIV-1 neuropathogenesis in the setting of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). The objective of this cooperative effort is to foster investigations utilizing genetic approaches to study mechanisms of HIV-1 induced nervous system disease with emphasis on trafficking, cell type specific and regional compartmentalization, viral evolution, functional diversity, establishment of latent reservoirs and the emergence of drug resistance in the central nervous system (CNS) versus other body compartments.

This is a joint initiative among several Institutes and Centers at NIH to develop a haplotype map of the human genome. This RFA solicits cooperative agreement applications for the large-scale genotyping across the genome of samples from three populations. The data will be used to develop a map of the haplotype patterns and of the genetic variants that are most informative for detecting these patterns. The haplotype map is expected to be a key resource for finding genes affecting health, disease, and response to drugs and environmental factors, and for beginning to understand the pattern of human genetic variation. It is anticipated that this initiative will become part of an international collaboration to produce a human haplotype map.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite investigator-initiated research applications for mechanistic studies in clinical trials of immunomodulatory interventions for immune system mediated diseases, including, but not limited to, asthma and allergy, graft failure in solid organ, tissue, cell and stem cell transplantation, and chronic inflammatory, immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. This Request for Applications (RFA) is a continuation and modification of RFA AI-01-001.

The participating Institutes and Centers invite qualified researchers to submit research grant applications on methodology and measurement in the behavioral and social sciences. Methodology and measurement issues include the processes that underlie research design, data collection techniques, measurement, and data analysis techniques in the social and behavioral sciences. The goal of this program announcement is to encourage research that will improve the quality and scientific power of data collected in the behavioral and social sciences, relevant to the missions of the NIH Institutes and Centers. Research that addresses methodology and measurement issues in diverse populations, issues in studying sensitive behaviors, issues of ethics in research, issues related to confidential data and the protection of research subjects, and issues in developing multidisciplinary, multimethod, and multilevel approaches to behavioral and social science research is particularly encouraged. Applicants are strongly encouraged to contact the Program Contact for Scientific/Research issues (listed under WHERE TO SEND INQUIRES) of the IC that most closely matches their research focus to determine the IC's interest in the research topic.

The National Institutes of Health Autism Coordinating Committee (NIH/ACC) is implementing the aspects of the Children"s Health Act of 2000 that relate to support of autism research by NIH. The NIH/ACC is composed of the NIH Institutes currently funding autism research: NIMH, NICHD, NINDS, NIDCD, and NIEHS. An important aspect of these activities is the establishment of Centers of Excellence in Autism Research, and in this RFA the participating institutes invite research grant applications for such Centers. The first round of competition for this type of center support was initiated by RFA-MH- 02-001 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-MH-02-001.html). This RFA initiates a second round of competition under the same guidelines, except for deadlines, that governed the first round. These Centers will constitute a cohesive program, operating under an NIH cooperative agreement, which will be called the STAART Centers Program (Studies to Advance Autism Research and Treatment).

The purpose of this initiative is to provide short-term interim support for institutional activities that will strengthen oversight of human subjects research at institutions that receive significant NIH support for clinical research. While there is considerable flexibility in the types of activities that could be supported under this program, it is important that these enhance the protection of research subjects by means that will be sustained by the institution after the award period ends. This is a one-time solicitation, it is not anticipated that this RFA will be reissued. While all NIH components supporting clinical research are providing support for this program, it will be administered by the National Center for Research Resources.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invites applications for Center Core Grants to support neuroscience research. The purpose of this program is to advance the NINDS mission to promote understanding and treatment of neurological disorders by providing core research facilities that are not otherwise available. Each Center Core Grant will support shared resources and facilities used by investigators with research projects funded by NINDS. This support, by providing more accessible resources, is expected to assure a greater productivity than would be possible from the separate projects. An institution is eligible for a maximum of one NINDS Center Core Grant. These awards will support basic, translational, and clinical research, but will not be used to support clinical trials or to provide patient services.

The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to encourage basic research on the structures of membrane proteins at atomic resolution. It replaces and updates previous program announcements (PA-99-004 and PA-95-035), which were issued under the same title. Considerable research is ongoing in the area of membrane protein structure and function, yet relatively few investigators have applied the techniques of x-ray crystallography, electron diffraction, or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study directly the structures of their proteins. During the past decade, approximately 30 membrane protein structures have been solved and each structure has been a major contribution in its area of science (see: http://blanco.biomol.uci.edu/Membrane_Proteins_xtal.html). This progress clearly demonstrates that obtaining membrane protein structures is feasible. However, during this same decade the rate of soluble protein structure solution has accelerated greatly and there remains a gap between the understanding of membrane proteins and their soluble protein counterparts.