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Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIINDS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Aging (NIA), and National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), solicits Research Project Grant (R01) applications from institutions/ organizations that propose to find brain mechanisms to improve and develop new approaches to functional recovery after stroke. While stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States, it is the leading cause of long-term disability in the American population. The Stroke Progress Review Group in 2006 identified the problem of brain repair and rehabilitation after stroke as a major priority for stroke research. In the last decade the major research efforts were directed toward treatment of the acute stroke: reestablishing perfusion of the affected areas, and minimizing the neuronal damage. With the advance of acute stroke treatment, the issues of functional restoration and post-stroke rehabilitation have become increasingly important. At the same time, our understanding of brain responses to stroke-induced damage, brain repair and functional recovery remains relatively poor. Post-stroke rehabilitation is a significant component of stroke treatment in the clinic. Nonetheless, most rehabilitation practices are empirical, rely on behavioral approaches, and are not based on data from large-scale randomized, controlled clinical trials. Relatively little research has been done on the mechanisms of brain repair and plasticity and their relation to behavioral and functional recovery, which are crucial for patients with lifetime consequences of this catastrophic event. This FOA seeks to expand studies on basic brain mechanisms of repair and plasticity after stroke, and on factors that influence these mechanisms. In addition, methods and approaches to improve and enhance reparative processes may be investigated, toward the goal of optimizing and developing promising new approaches to rehabilitation and functional recovery after stroke.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) solicits exploratory and developmental research grant applications to study neuroimmune molecules and mechanisms involved in regulating normal and pathological functions of the central nervous system (CNS). -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-08-097, that solicits applications under the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Applications of related or identical scientific scope are also solicited under the Small Research Grant (R03) award mechanism in response to FOA PA-06-180. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose.This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), and National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) solicits research grant applications to study neuroimmune molecules and mechanisms involved in regulating normal and pathological functions of the central nervous system (CNS). -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-08-098, that solicits applications under the Exploratory/Development (R21) grant mechanism.Applications of related or identical scientific scope are also solicited under the Small Research Grant (R03) award mechanism in response to FOA PA-06-180. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards.Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-The NIH ORD, NIAMS, NIDDK, NICHD, NINDS, NIA, NIAAA, NCI, NIDCR and NHLBI invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications to continue the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN). The Network has two main components: Rare Diseases Clinical Research Consortia (RDCRC) and a Data Management and Coordinating Center (DMCC) (formerly known as Data Technology Coordinating Center, DTCC). The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications for RDCRCs that individually focus on a subset of related rare diseases. A separate FOA has been published to invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications for DMCC at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-OD-08-002.html. -The purpose of the Network is to facilitate clinical research in rare diseases through support for 1) collaborative clinical research in rare diseases, including longitudinal studies of individuals with rare diseases, clinical studies and/or phase I , II and II/III trials; 2) training of clinical investigators in rare diseases research; 3) pilot and demonstration projects 4) a test bed for distributed clinical data management that incorporates novel approaches and technologies for data management, data mining, and data sharing across rare diseases, data types, and platforms; and 5) access to information related to rare diseases for basic and clinical researchers, academic and practicing physicians, patients, and the lay public. Items 1-3 and 5 must be addressed in RDCRC application and item 4 must be addressed in DMCC application (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-OD-08-002.html)

-Purpose. The NIH ORD and NINDS invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications to continue the Data Management and Coordinating Center for the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN). The Network has two main components: Rare Diseases Clinical Research Consortia (RDCRCs) and a Data Management and Coordinating Center (DMCC) (formerly known as Data Technology Coordinating Center, DTCC). The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications for the DMCC, which supports the RDCRN. A separate FOA has been published to invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications for RDCRCs at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-OD-08-001.html. The purpose of the Network is to facilitate clinical research in rare diseases through support for 1) collaborative clinical research in rare diseases, including longitudinal studies of individuals with rare diseases, clinical studies and/or phase I , II and II/III trials; 2) training of clinical investigators in rare diseases research; 3) pilot and demonstration projects; 4) a test bed for distributed clinical data management that incorporates novel approaches and technologies for data management, data mining, and data sharing across rare diseases, data types, and platforms; and 5) access to information related to rare diseases for basic and clinical researchers, academic and practicing physicians, patients, and the lay public. The DMCC (U54) cooperative agreement application will focus on issues relevant to item 4) and 5). -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH U54 cooperative agreement award mechanism. Responsibility for the planning, direction, and execution of the proposed projects will be solely that of the applicant. The total project period for an application submitted in response to this FOA may not exceed 5 years. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NIH ORD intends to commit approximately $875,000 in total cost (i.e direct cost plus Facilities and Administrative (F&A) costs) per year to fund one DMCC, which will support at least seven RDCRC. ORD and the participating institutes and centers (ICs) intend to fund approximately seven RDCRCs in response to the companion RFA-OD-08-001. Should the size of Network increase to approximately 10 consortia, the NIH ORD intends to commit $1.25 M per year to fund one DMCC.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) invites eligible United States small business concerns (SBCs) to submit Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications. United States SBCs that have the research capabilities and technological expertise to contribute to the R&D mission(s) of the NIH, CDC and FDA awarding components identified in this FOA are encouraged to submit SBIR grant applications in response to identified topics (see PHS 2008-2 SBIR/STTR Program Descriptions and Research Topics for NIH, CDC, and FDA.) -Mechanism of Support.This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, Fast-Track, and Phase II Competing Renewal applications (NIH only), and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-08-051, that solicits applications under the Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) (R41/R42) grant mechanisms. SBIR Fast-Track and Phase II Competing Renewal grant applications are accepted by the NIH only. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invites eligible United States small business concerns (SBCs) to submit Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant applications. United States SBCs that have the research capabilities and technological expertise to contribute to the R&D mission(s) of the NIH awarding components identified in this FOA are encouraged to submit STTR grant applications in response to identified topics (see PHS 2008-2 SBIR/STTR Program Descriptions and Research Topics for NIH, CDC, and FDA.) -Mechanism of Support.This FOA will utilize the STTR (R41/R42) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, Fast-Track, and Phase II Competing Renewal and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-08-050, that solicits applications under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) (R43/R44) grant mechanisms. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research is a framework to enhance cooperative activities among the NIH Office of the Director and 15 NIH Institutes and Centers that support research on the nervous system.This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is released in affiliation with the Neuroscience Blueprint, with Institutes and Centers participating independently, and with participation by Institutes and Centers that are not part of the Blueprint.This FOA encourages the translation of technologies for brain or behavioral research from academic and other non-small business research sectors to the marketplace.Solicited from Small Business Concerns (SBCs) are Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications that propose to further develop, make more robust, and make more user-friendly such technologies in preparation for commercial dissemination.It is expected that this activity will require partnerships and close collaboration between the original developers of these technologies and SBCs, which may be accomplished in any of a number of ways, including the use of multiple principle investigators. Mechanism of Support.This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.Budgets up to $350,000 total costs per year and time periods up to 2 years for Phase I may be requested.Budgets up to $600,000 total costs per year and up to 3 years may be requested for Phase II. Eligible Institutions/Organizations: Only United States SBCs are eligible to submit SBIR applications. A SBC is one that, on the date of award for both Phase I and Phase II funding agreements, meets ALL of the criteria as described in Section III. Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators: Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their organizations to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. On an SBIR application, at least one PD/PI must have his/her primary employment (more than 50%) with the SBC at the time of award and for the duration of the project. Number of Applications: Applicant SBCs may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct. Resubmissions:Applicants may submit a resubmission application, but such application must include an Introduction addressing the previous peer review critique (Summary Statement). Renewals: Only NIH Phase II SBIR awardees are eligible to submit a competing renewal application, which should represent a continuation of support for research and development of the previous work funded by the original Phase II grant. Phase II competing renewal applications will be accepted in accordance with participating IC-specific requirements described in the SBIR Omnibus Solicitation Program Descriptions and Research Topics. Number of PDs/PIs. More than one PD/PI, or multiple PDs/PIs, may be designated on the application.

-The National Institutes of Health (NIH) issues this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) to invite applications from current NIH-funded investigators to study how interactions among of genetic and behavioral/social factors influence health and disease. -This funding opportunity will use the NIH Revision (formerly named Competitive Supplement) award mechanism to supplement existing NIH funded P01, P20, P50, P60, U01, U10, U54 awards. -The Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) of the Office of the Director intends to commit up to $ 3 million dollars available in FY 2008 to fund 10 to 20 awards in response to this announcement. Specifically, OBSSR intends to commit a total of up to $ 3 million dollars in FY 2008 spread across three Program Announcements. Although the financial plan of the OBSSR is to provide support for this program, awards pursuant to this announcement are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Direct costs are limited to no more than $250,000 in any single year.

-The National Institutes of Health (NIH) issues this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) to invite applications from current NIH-funded investigators to study how interactions among of genetic and behavioral/social factors influence health and disease. -This funding opportunity will use the NIH Revision (formerly named Competitive Supplement) award mechanism to supplement existing NIH funded R01 awards. -The Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) of the Office of the Director intends to commit up to $ 3 million dollars available in FY 2008 to fund 10 to 20 awards in response to this announcement. Specifically, OBSSR intends to commit a total of up to $ 3 million dollars in FY 2008 spread across three Program Announcements. Although the financial plan of the OBSSR is to provide support for this program, awards pursuant to this announcement are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.