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-Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is for projects from individual-investigators or small groups to collaborate with the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research National Centers for Biomedical Computing (NCBCs). For a description of the NCBCs see http://www.bisti.nih.gov/ncbc/.The intention of the collaborating projects is to engage researchers across the nation in building an excellent biomedical computing environment, using the computational tools and biological and behavioral application drivers of the funded NCBCs as foundation stones.This FOA is intended to support exploratory biomedical informatics and computational biology researchapplications should be innovative, with high risk/high impact in new areas that are lacking preliminary data or development.Applications for R21 awards should describe projects distinct from those supported through the traditional R01 mechanism.For example, long-term projects, or projects designed to increase knowledge in a well-established area will not be considered for R21 awards. -Mechanism of Support This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-08-184, that solicits applications under the R01 mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism, numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is for projects from individual-investigators or small groups to collaborate with the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research National Centers for Biomedical Computing (NCBCs). For a description of the NCBCs see http://www.bisti.nih.gov/ncbc/.The intention of the collaborating projects is to engage researchers across the nation in building an excellent biomedical computing environment, using the computational tools and biological and behavioral application drivers of the funded NCBCs as foundation stones. -Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the R01 grant mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-08-183 that solicits applications under the R21 mechanism, and which solicits innovative, high risk/high impact new areas that are lacking preliminary data or development. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) invite research grant applications aimed at developing and or refinement of animal or ex vivo cell culture model systems for study of the neurologic complications of AIDS, with or without a history of drug or alcohol use. Recent advances in the development of the SIV model system highlight the power of animal model systems for study of the mechanisms underlying the pathology associated with lentiviral infection in the nervous system. These models will be key for developing therapeutic approaches for the treatment of patients suffering from NeuroAIDS and for understanding the basic biology of infection with HIV/AIDS. -Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will use the NIH Research Project (R21) award mechanism, and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAS-08-178, that encourages applications under the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. For research projects with limited scope to develop animal or ex vivo models, applicants may submit their application in response to the NIH Small Research Grant Program (R03): http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-180.html

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) invite research grant applications aimed at developing and or refinement of animal or ex vivo cell culture model systems for study of the neurologic complications of AIDS, with or without a history of drug or alcohol use. Recent advances in the development of the SIV model system highlight the power of animal model systems for study of the mechanisms underlying the pathology associated with lentiviral infection in the nervous system. These models will be key for developing therapeutic approaches for the treatment of patients suffering from NeuroAIDS and for understanding the basic biology of infection with HIV/AIDS. -Mechanism of Support.This funding opportunity will use the NIH Research Project (R01) award mechanism, and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAS-08-179, that encourages applications under the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant award mechanism. For research projects with limited scope to develop animal or ex vivo models, applicants may submit their application in response to the NIH Small Research Grant Program (R03): http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-180.html -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NINDS intends to commit a total of up to $1,500,000 in total costs over three years for payment of applications responsive to this FOA and the companion FOA (see above). NIDA and NIMH intend to contribute an additional $500,000 and $400,000 each year, respectively, to these FOAs. NIAAA is not setting aside any specific funds for these FOAs; funding determination will depend on the overall scientific merit of the applications and the availability of funds.

This research training program is designed to build research capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the fields related to cancer, cerebrovascular disease including stroke, lung disease including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and environmental factors including indoor air pollution, and obesity and lifestyle factors related to these conditions as well as genetics of non-communicable diseases. The institutions applying can be domestic or foreign, but have to exhibit the ability to do such training, and must exhibit that they have existing research programs in these fields.

Purpose. The purpose of this open competition Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to stimulate the translation of innovative therapies suitable for children with brain tumors from the laboratory to early phase clinical testing. To achieve this goal, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) intends to continue a Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC) program. The NCI will support one multi-center clinical trials group (a Consortium) that will be responsible for timely conduct of the Phase 1, Phase 2, and pilot studies evaluating novel treatment approaches relevant to the pediatric brain tumor population. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), is co-sponsoring this initiative because of a shared interest with NCI in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. NINDS will be involved in coordinating PBTC activities across other NIH-supported normal and disease-oriented brain imaging Networks (including the NCI-supported adult brain tumor consortium) as well as in aspects related to the neurocognitive, quality-of-life impact of certain treatments on long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumors. Each application submitted in response to this FOA must include plans for (i) the PBTC Operations and Statistics/Data Centers and (ii) up to seven member institutions. The proposed PBTC must be able to (i) conduct Phase 1, Phase 2, and pilot clinical trials of novel treatment approaches for children with brain tumors, focusing whenever appropriate on clinical trials that require the specialized abilities of the PBTC collaborating experienced neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, radiation oncologists and neuroimagers; and (ii) conduct and/or support laboratory studies related to PBTC clinical trials that may provide information relevant to the success or failure of therapy.

The National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Research Education grant is a flexible and specialized mechanism designed to foster the development of neuroscience researchers through creative and innovative educational programs. The overall goal of the NINDS research training and research education programs is to ensure that highly trained scientists will make future advances that lead to a reduction in the burden of neurological disease.These research education grants will create an opportunity for medical residents and fellows to participate in an intensive 9 to 24 months of mentored research education experience during residency and fellowship years. This opportunity will include the necessary training for successful competition for independent mentored research awards and will facilitate the transition from fellow/resident to clinician-scientist.In addition to laboratory research skills, participants in the program will develop the critical skills necessary to design and conduct research experiments and write competitive grant applications.

-Purpose. To solicit research applications proposing preclinical studies using multi-drug therapies to attenuate neurological injury and/or to enhance recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). -Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the Research Project (R01) grant mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NICHD intends to commit approximately $2 million in total costs (direct plus Facilities and Administrative costs) in FY 2009. The NINDS intends to commit 750,000 in total costs (direct plus Facilities and Administrative costs) in FY2009. It is anticipated that up to 5 new grants will be made in response to this FOA.

-The goals of NIH-supported career development programs are to help ensure that diverse pools of highly trained scientists are available in adequate numbers and in appropriate research areas to address the Nation's biomedical, behavioral, and clinical research needs. -Purpose: The purpose of the Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research is to provide support to mid-career health-professional doctorates or equivalent who are typically at the Associate Professor level or the equivalent (see Section III. Eligible Individuals) for protected time to devote to patient-oriented research (POR) and to act as research mentors primarily for clinical residents, clinical fellows and/or junior clinical faculty. The intent of this award is two-fold: 1) to enable mid-career clinician scientists to devote more time and to augment their capabilities in patient-oriented research; and 2) to enable mid-career clinical scientists to mentor new clinical investigators in the conduct of patient-oriented research. An award recipient who continues to have an independent peer-reviewed patient-oriented research program and continues to provide mentoring to new investigators can continue to contribute to the overall goals of the program after being promoted to Full professor.

-Purpose. The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research is a framework to enhance cooperative activities among the NIH Office of the Director and 15 NIH Institutes and Centers that support research on the nervous system (for further information, see http://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/). This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is released in affiliation with the Neuroscience Blueprint, with Institutes and Centers participating independently. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose to focus on the development of tools or techniques that will significantly advance the current state of the art in neuroplasticity research. Although applications will not be restricted to a particular type of technology, NIH is especially interested in applications that seek to harness the ability to assess and manipulate activity with exquisite subcellular resolution, and in cells specified by their circuit connectivity and/or transmitter phenotype. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope,RFA-MH-09-030, which encourages R01 applications.