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Participating Institutes and Centers (ICs) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite applications for R24 awards to support Bioengineering Research Partnerships (BRPs) to support basic bioengineering research addressing important biological or medical research problems. A BRP is a multidisciplinary research team applying an integrative, systems approach to developing knowledge and/or methods to prevent, detect, diagnose, and treat disease and understand health and behavior, and must include bioengineering expertise in combination with basic and/or clinical investigators. A BRP may propose design-directed or hypotheses- driven research in universities, national laboratories, medical schools, private industry and other public and private entities.

The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to encourage basic research on the structures of membrane proteins at (or near) atomic resolution. Considerable research is on-going in the area of membrane protein structure and function, particularly with respect to sequences, topology, and the effects of mutations, however, much of this work is somewhat speculative in that the interpretations depend upon the very limited number of structures that have actually been solved by direct biophysical measurements. Despite several recent landmark solutions of membrane protein structures, there remains a significant gap between the understanding of membrane proteins and that of their soluble counterparts. This gap will likely increase as the facility with which soluble protein structures can be solved continues to increase. Therefore, it is clear that a special effort is needed to promote studies of membrane protein structures. An increase in the number of known membrane protein structures will contribute to an enhanced understanding of many basic phenomena underlying cellular functions essential to human health.

The purpose of this program announcement is to encourage grant applications for the support of research designed to elucidate the diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, genetics, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to Autistic Disorder ("autism") and autism spectrum disorders (Rett"s Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger"s Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, or "Atypical Autism").

In order to promote high-quality research of CAM, the Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disorders (NIAMS), the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) invite applications for Centers for CAM Research using the Specialized Center (P50) grant mechanism. Such Centers will provide the resources necessary for the rigorous scientific investigation of CAM. It is expected that research conducted at these Centers will examine the potential efficacy, effectiveness, safety and validity of CAM practices, as well as the physiological or psychological mechanisms underlying these practices.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR), serving as the lead Institutes for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pain Research Consortium, together with the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), and the Office of Research on Women"s Health (ORWH), encourage investigator-initiated research project grant applications to study mechanisms underlying analgesic response and pain to advance the development of novel pain interventions, treatments and management strategies. The purpose of this New Directions in Pain Research: I program announcement (PA) is to inform the scientific community of broad, shared interests in pain research encompassing the various components of the NIH, and to stimulate and foster a wide range of basic, translational and patient-oriented clinical studies on pain. Applications are particularly encouraged to study pain throughout the lifespan from the perspectives of molecular genetics, transcriptional controls, signal transduction, including cellular/molecular mechanisms, innovative imaging technologies, plasticity and from hormonal or gender influences. The pain experience needs to be examined at all levels of analysis from the gene, molecule, cell, tissue, and organ, to the individual, family and community, with the ultimate goal of developing new insights into pain intervention, treatment and management.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) invite investigator-initiated research grant applications that address the potential role of the central nervous system (CNS) as a reservoir for HIV. HIV can penetrate the CNS, and a subset of HIV-infected individuals develop motor and/or cognitive impairments to varying degrees. The mechanisms responsible for this CNS dysfunction are not well known. Direct injury by the virus or viral components and the abnormal secretion of cytokines likely damage nervous system cells. It is assumed that halting HIV replication and/or elimination of virus would prevent CNS damage. This Request for Applications (RFA) solicits research applications to study mechanisms of HIV trafficking through the blood brain barrier (BBB), CNS viral localization, control and eradication, and the CNS as a potential virus reservoir. Applications addressing the anti-HIV CNS drug discovery, drug delivery and pharmacology are especially encouraged.

The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to solicit applications for multidisciplinary, methodologically rigorous programs of neuroscience research that will use advanced techniques for statistical and molecular genetic analysis in human and animal populations to elucidate the genetic basis of complex behaviors. This PA is issued in response to the growing evidence that complex behaviors of relevance to human health and disease show varying degrees of genetic influence. Examples include complex behaviors associated with memory, activity level, harm avoidance, reward dependence, emotionality, contextual fear conditioning, sensorimotor gating, drug seeking, pain perception and reactivity, and analgesic response. The goals of this PA are to quantify genetic and environmental effects and gene-environment interactions and to locate and characterize genes affecting complex behaviors in humans and animals.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) invite applications for support of research that will increase our knowledge of the genetic, molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms of radiation-induced cell injury and recovery, and the sensitizing and protective mechanisms in the central nervous system under radiation treatment conditions for brain tumors. The intent of this program announcement (PA) is to encourage investigator-initiated applications to study tumor and normal brain cell injury and repair mechanisms induced by brain tumor radiotherapy including stereotactic radiosurgery procedures such as the Gamma Knife, altered fractionation and/or radioenhancing agents, using state-of-the-art neurobiological and neuroimaging approaches.

The purpose of this Program Announcement (PA) is to solicit applications as part of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiative to increase our support of the zebrafish as an animal model for research. This PA is intended to continue stimulation of a trans-NIH initiative that was started with RFA: DK-98-006, entitled "Genomic Resources for the Zebrafish," NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, Vol. 26, No. 39, December 5, 1997.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), in collaboration with the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and the Office of Research on Minority Health (ORMH), invites applications for Specialized Neuroscience Research Programs at Minority Institutions (SNRP) awards. The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to augment and strengthen the research capabilities of faculty, students, and fellows at minority institutions by supporting the development of new, and/or the enhancement of ongoing, basic and clinical neuroscience research projects and programs.