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The Independent Scientist Award (K02) provides up to five years of salary support for newly independent scientists who can demonstrate the need for a period of intensive research focus as a means of enhancing their research careers. This award is intended to foster the development of outstanding scientists and enable them to expand their potential to make significant contributions to their field of research.

This Program Announcement (PA), issued as an initiative of the trans-NIH Bioengineering Consortium (BECON), invites grant applications for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) projects on nanotechnologies useful to biomedicine. Nanotechnology is defined as the creation of functional materials, devices and systems through control of matter at the scale of 1 to 100 nanometers, and the exploitation of novel properties and phenomena at the same scale. Nanotechnology is emerging as a field critical for enabling essential breakthroughs that may have tremendous potential for affecting biomedicine. Moreover, nanotechnologies developed in the next several years may well form the foundation of significant commercial platforms.

Participating Institutes and Centers (ICs) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite applications for R01 awards to support Bioengineering Research Partnerships (BRPs) for basic bioengineering research addressing important biological or medical research problems. A BRP is a multidisciplinary research team applying an integrative, systems approach to develop knowledge and/or methods to prevent, detect, diagnose, and treat disease and understand health and behavior. The partnership must include bioengineering expertise in combination with basic and/or clinical investigators. A BRP may propose design- directed or hypotheses-driven research in universities, national laboratories, medical schools, private industry and other public and private entities.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite investigator- initiated research applications for mechanistic studies in clinical trials of immunomodulatory interventions for immune system mediated diseases, including, but not limited to, asthma and allergy, graft failure in solid organ, tissue, cell and stem cell transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. Specifically, this Request for Applications (RFA) is a continuation and modification of RFA AI-98-006. It focuses on the inclusion of patients and utilization of patient samples for the evaluation of immunologic and other relevant parameters to facilitate the study and definition of immunological mechanisms underlying the intervention, the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, surrogate/biomarkers markers of disease activity and therapeutic effect, and mechanisms of human immunologic function. The parent or core clinical trial must have independent financial support and will NOT receive support under this RFA. Proposed mechanistic studies associated with clinical trials supported by industry are particularly encouraged but clinical trials supported by any source, public or private, are eligible.

The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to solicit feasibility studies for profiling gene expression patterns in the mammalian nervous system. Exploratory research projects supported under this RFA will utilize neural tissue-specific cDNA reagents and state-of-the-art microarray technologies, in order to quantify in a highly parallel way expression profiles of genes in mammalian neural tissue. The creation of collaborative teams is encouraged, in which scientists with expertise in neuroscience research, genomics, and bioinformatics work to apply innovative approaches for analyzing microarray data.

The purpose of the Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) is to provide support for clinicians to allow them protected time to devote to patient-oriented research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical investigators. The target candidates are outstanding clinical scientists who are actively engaged in patient-oriented research. Candidates are generally within 15 years of their specialty training. Candidates must be able to demonstrate the need for a period of intensive research focus as a means of enhancing their clinical research careers and must be committed to mentoring the next generation of patient-oriented researchers. The award is intended to further both the research and mentoring endeavors of outstanding patient-oriented investigators, to enable them to expand their potential for significant contributions to their field, and to act as mentors for beginning clinician researchers.

The purpose of the Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award (K08) is to support the development of outstanding clinician research scientists. This mechanism provides specialized study for individuals with a health professional doctoral degree committed to a career in laboratory or field- based research. Candidates must have the potential to develop into independent investigators. The K08 supports a three, four, or five year period of supervised research experience that may integrate didactic studies with laboratory or clinically-based research. The proposed research must have intrinsic research importance as well as serving as a suitable vehicle for learning the methodology, theories, and conceptualizations necessary for a well trained independent researcher.

The purpose of the Mentored Patient-oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) is to support the career development of investigators who have made a commitment to focus their research endeavors on patient-oriented research. This mechanism provides support for three to five years of supervised study and research for clinically trained professionals who have the potential to develop into productive, clinical investigators focussing on patient-oriented research. Clinically trained professionals or individuals with a clinical degree who are interested in further career development in biomedical research that is not patient-oriented, should refer to the Mentored Clinical Scientist Career Development (K08) Award (see http://grants.nih.gov/training/careerdevelopmentawards.htm on the NIH website for details).

Traumatic spinal cord injury currently affects approximately 250,000 Americans. Many functional changes can result, including the loss of voluntary movements below the level of the spinal lesion. Research from a variety of animal models has shown that various spinal circuits, with appropriate ascending and descending input, are critical for coordinated voluntary and reflex movements including not only standing and walking, but also control of bladder, bowel, and sexual functions. Since many spinal cord injuries leave much of the spinal cord intact, reactivation of the "spinal pattern generators" to control at least some of these lost functions seems possible. Fundamental research, in mammalian systems, on the anatomy and physiology of intrinsic spinal circuits that are involved in volitional movements will play a key role in unlocking the potential to restore function after injury.

In response to the resurgence of interest in the application of neurosurgical approaches to the treatment of movement disorders and especially Parkinson's disease, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) invite qualified investigators to submit grant applications for a broad range of studies aimed at improving the use of deep brain stimulation as a therapy. The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to encourage additional basic and clinical studies into the mechanisms of a potentially reversible, adjustable and long term electrical treatment of neurological disorders. It is expected that this research will produce a greater understanding of the circuitry involved in movement and related disorders, the development of improved electrodes for use in deep brain stimulation, and improved treatment.