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This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose innovative research in biomedical computational science and technology to promote the progress of biomedical research. There exists an expanding need to speed the progress of biomedical research through the power of computing to manage and analyze data and to model biological processes.The NIH is interested in promoting research and developments in biomedical computational science and technology that will support rapid progress in areas of scientific opportunity in biomedical research.As defined here biomedical computing or biomedical information science and technology includes database design, graphical interfaces, querying approaches, data retrieval, data visualization and manipulation, data integration through the development of integrated analytical tools, and tools for electronic collaboration, as well as computational research including the development of structural, functional, integrative, and analytical models and simulations. This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-07-161, that solicits applications under the Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) (R41/R42) grant mechanisms. Other parallel FOAs of identical scientific scope (PAR-06-410) and (PAR-06-411) use the traditional research project grant (R01) and exploratory innovation grant (R21) respectively. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Eligible Organizations: Only United States SBCs are eligible to submit SBIR applications. A SBC is one that, on the date of award for both Phase I and Phase II funding agreements, meets ALL of the criteria as described in Section III. Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators: Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. On an SBIR application, the PD/PI must have his/her primary employment (more than 50%) with the SBC at the time of award and for the duration of the project. Applicant SBCs may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct.

-Purpose. The primary objective of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to stimulate research on the etiology and management of sarcoidosis, a human disorder of granulomatous inflammation.We encourage research that seeks to identify not only the cause of sarcoidosis, but seeks related predisposing factors, such as genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic or glycomic factors related to the etiology of sarcoidosis. Investigations might include how sarcoidosis perturbs the innate and acquired immunity systems; affects multi-organs within the human body; and impacts biobehavioral and psychosocial factors of the individual, family, and community.The goal is to delineate possible causes and phenotypic host characteristics in susceptible or at risk people so that preventive strategies can be developed, early diagnosis improved, and better antidotes or therapy devised to lessen initial disease immunopathology.Interventions that are cost effective and reduce the individual, family, and community burden of the disease are also encouraged.Also, there is interest for approaches to risk reduction, psychological coping, and management of complications or side effects of treatment. This program solicits innovative, multidisciplinary basic and clinical research of sarcoidosis involving the respiratory tract and other frequently involved organs, especially those of so- called critical involvement (heart, eyes, liver, and neurologic system) with the intent of accelerating progress in the discovery of the cause of sarcoidosis and its diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.This program also encourages methodologies and instruments that determine disease burden. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), the National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), solicits research grant applications to study neuroimmune molecules and mechanisms involved in regulating normal and pathological central nervous system (CNS) function. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-06-533, that solicits applications under the Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism. Applications of related or identical scientific scope are also solicited under the Small Research Grant (R03) award mechanism in response to FOA PA-06-180. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to solicit grant applications to expand basic and translational research on the processes and mechanisms involved in the experience, expression, and regulation of emotion. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Applications of related or identical scientific scope are solicited also under the Small Research Grant (R03) and the Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R21) award mechanisms, responding to FOAs PA-06-180 and PA-06-181, respectively -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite grant applications to support research focused on determining the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 associated neurobehavioral and neurological dysfunction in domestic and international settings.The objective of this cooperative effort is to foster investigations that will provide the foundation for the rapid development of therapeutic interventions to prevent and treat the effects of HIV-1 on the central nervous system (CNS).Applications ranging from basic research to clinical diagnosis and treatment are of interest.Multidisciplinary research teams and collaborative alliances are encouraged but not required. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanisms.Applications of related or identical scientific scope are also solicited under the Small Research Grant (R03) and the Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R21) award mechanisms, responding to FOAs PA-06-180 and PA-06-181), respectively.

-Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage grant applications for the support of research designed to elucidate the diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, genetics, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to Autistic Disorder ("autism") and autism spectrum disorders (Rett's Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, or "Atypical Autism").Basic, clinical and applied studies are encouraged.This FOA is intended to support the broad research goals of the Autism Research Matrix (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/autismiacc/researchmatrix.pdf). -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope, PA-06-391 and PA-06-392, that solicit applications under the Small Grant (R03) and the Exploratory/Developmental (R21) award mechanisms, respectively. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, costs, as well as the number of applications received.

Purpose.Insomnia Disorder affects approximately 10% of adults in the U.S. and results in decreased work and academic performance, increased risk of accidents, increased health care costs, and increased risk of depression and other mental disorders.Given the public health significance of this problem, the NIH State-of-the-Science Conference on Manifestations and Management of Chronic Insomnia in Adults was held in June, 2005.The resulting conference statement outlined what is currently known and identified important future directions for insomnia-related research.The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to encourage research that addresses the research needs outlined in this conference statement.Recommended areas for future research include genetic and neurobiologic mechanisms of insomnia, longitudinal studies of incidence and course of insomnia, improved measures of daytime functioning and quality of life resulting from insomnia, studies of insomnia in special populations, the impact of insomnia on the development of other disorders including depression, drug abuse, and chronic diseases, and the development and evaluation of treatment approaches and their dissemination.Research that translates basic science findings into novel clinical approaches is particularly encouraged.

-Purpose. The Research Project Grant (R01) is an award made to an institution/organization to support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in areas representing the specific interests and competencies of the investigator(s). The R01 research plan proposed by the applicant institution/organization must be related to the stated program interests of one or more of the NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) based on descriptions of their programs. All research project grant applications described in this announcement will be assigned to NIH ICs according to standard Public Health Service (PHS) referral guidelines and specific program interests. Investigators are encouraged to consult the participating NIH ICs and their Web sites (see http://www.nih.gov/icd). -Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will use the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications selected for award.

-Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) is to invite grant applications to expand basic and translational research, including intervention research, on the types, nature, and functional consequences of focal or specific cognitive deficits experienced by persons with central nervous system disorders.The Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) joins this PA as part of its efforts to promote research on the behavioral and social aspects of health and illness.However, only participating ICs will provide direct grant support under this FOA. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the R01 grant mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-07-034, that solicits applications under the R03 mechanism, and PA-07-035 that solicits applications under the R21 mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. The goal of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage research that will improve the quality and scientific power of data collected in the behavioral and social sciences, relevant to the missions of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers. -The participating NIH Institutes and Centers invite qualified researchers to submit research grant applications aimed at improving and developing methodology and measurement in the behavioral and social sciences through innovations in research design, data collection techniques, measurement, and data analysis techniques. -Research that addresses methodology and measurement issues in diverse populations, issues in studying sensitive behaviors, issues of ethics in research, issues related to confidential data and the protection of research subjects, and issues in developing interdisciplinary, multimethod, and multilevel approaches to behavioral and social science research is particularly encouraged, as are approaches that integrate behavioral and social science research with biological, physical, or computational science research or engineering.