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Purpose. The goal of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA), from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is to support preclinical development of new therapies to cure epilepsy, prevent the emergence of epilepsy following brain injury (including status epilepticus, traumatic brain injury, stroke, encephalitis, or other injury) or in other high-risk groups, or to better treat individuals with intractable epilepsy. The program will facilitate solicitation, development, and review of therapy-directed projects to accelerate the translation of basic research discoveries into therapeutic candidates for clinical testing. This program is specifically directed at projects that include therapeutic leads with demonstrated activity against the intended disease target. The program supports preclinical optimization and testing of these leads and projects must be sufficiently advanced that an IND or IDE application to the FDA can be submitted by the end of the project period. The program does not support early-stage therapeutic discovery activities such as high throughput screening. The program also excludes clinical research, basic research, and studies of disease mechanism. This is a milestone-driven cooperative agreement program involving participation of NIH staff in the development of the project plan and monitoring of research progress. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the U01 Cooperative Agreement mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-10-143, that encourages applications under the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NINDS funding plan for this FOA will support up to $3.6 million total costs, which is sufficient for at least one new application per year for 3 years. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary.

Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA), from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) encourages applications for projects intended to complete preliminary steps in the pipeline for the preclinical development of therapeutics to cure epilepsy, prevent the emergence of epilepsy following brain injury (including status epilepticus, traumatic brain injury, stroke, encephalitis, or other injury) or in other high-risk groups, or to better treat individuals with intractable epilepsy. Such projects, if successful, should lead directly to a subsequent project that will include all remaining activities for submission of an Investigational New Drug (IND) or Investigational Device Exemptions (IDE) application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Only Aims required for therapy development can be supported in this program. This program excludes clinical research, basic research, and studies of disease mechanisms. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) award mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-10-144, that encourages applications under the Cooperative Agreement (U01) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NINDS funding plan for this FOA will support up to $900,000 total costs, which is sufficient for at least one new application per year for 3 years. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. This FOA solicits Research Project Grant (R01) applications from institutions/organizations proposing exceptionally innovative research on novel hypotheses or difficult problems, solutions to which would have an extremely high impact on biomedical or biobehavioral research in the epilepsies. This FOA is for support of new projects, not continuation of projects that have already been initiated. It does not support pilot projects, i.e., projects of limited scope that are designed primarily to generate data that will enable the PI to seek other funding opportunities. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NINDS intends to commit up to $2 million total costs in fiscal year 2011 to support 4-6 new awards under this FOA. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. This FOA invites R01 applications for mechanistic studies in clinical trials of: (1) immunomodulatory interventions for immune system mediated diseases, including, but not limited to: asthma and allergic diseases; graft rejection in solid organ, cell, and tissue transplantation; graft versus host disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; and chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, and immunodeficiency diseases; and (2) preventative and therapeutic, vaccines for non-HIV/AIDS infectious diseases, including NIAID Category A, B, and C agents of bioterrorism and emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases. This FOA is a renewal with modifications of RFA AI-08-011 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AI-08-011.html). In order to review and confer awards to grant applications received in response to this FOA in a timely fashion, without delay of the parent clinical trial, applications submitted in response to the FOA will be subject to an accelerated review/award process. Highly meritorious applications selected for funding under this FOA may receive their awards as early as thirteen weeks after the application receipt date. Holidays and other circumstances may alter this schedule slightly. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project grant (R01) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) intends to commit $2 million in Fiscal Year 2010 to fund five to six applications. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. This NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), supported by funds provided to the NIH and HRSA under the Tom Lantos and Henry Hyde United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, Public Law 110-293 (more commonly known as the U.S. Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief [PEPFAR]), invites proposals from foreign Institutions in Sub-Saharan African countries which receive PEPFAR support (http://www.pepfar.gov/countries/index.htm) and their partners to develop or expand and enhance models of medical education in Sub-Saharan Africa. These models are intended to support PEPFARs goal of increasing the number of new health care workers by 140,000, strengthen medical education systems in the countries in which they exist, and build clinical and research capacity in Africa as part of a retention strategy for faculty of medical schools and clinical professors. The strategy of this initiative is to build human capacity for health in Africa by strengthening the medical education system in an environment that values and nurtures research and which will contribute to the sustainability and quality of the overall effort. These models will also contribute to the sustainability of the PEPFAR investments through the provision of excellence in clinical training and the capacity of medical students and faculty to participate in and carry out multidisciplinary locally driven research (e.g. implementation science and/or clinical, health services, and operations research) that responds to the health needs of their communities and country and improves health outcomes for men, women, and children. In addition to PEPFAR support for strengthening medical education in African institutions, funds are also being provided from the Office of AIDS Research (OAR), located within the NIH Office of the Director, in support of the research capacity building component of this initiative and building on OARs long-term support for NIH efforts to build sustainable research and training partnerships between U.S. and African educational and research institutions. Linked awards that focus on diseases and priority health areas related to and/or beyond HIV/AIDS will also be available through the NIH Common Fund initiative (http://commonfund.nih.gov/), managed by the Office of Strategic Coordination (OSC), located within the NIH Office of the Director. These awards are part of the NIH Directors decision to make global health one of the NIHs highest priorities.

Purpose. This NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), supported by funds provided to the NIH under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act or ARRA), Public Law 111-5, invites applications for the NIH Directors ARRA Pathfinder Award to Promote Diversity in the Scientific Workforce. The NIH recognizes a unique and compelling need to promote diversity in the biomedical, behavioral, clinical and social sciences research workforce. The NIH expects all of its efforts to diversify the workforce to lead to the recruitment of the most talented researchers from all groups; to improve the quality of the educational and training environment; to balance and broaden the perspective in setting research priorities; to improve the ability to recruit subjects from diverse backgrounds into clinical research protocols; and to improve the Nation's capacity to address and eliminate health disparities. .This new FOA introduces a new research grant program to encourage exceptionally creative individual scientists to develop highly innovative and possibly transforming approaches for promoting diversity within the biomedical research workforce. To be considered highly innovative, the proposed research must reflect ideas substantially different from those already being pursued or it must apply existing research designs in new and innovative ways to unambiguously identify factors that will improve the retention of students, postdocs and faculty from diverse backgrounds. Awardees must commit a major portion (generally 30% or more) of their research effort to activities supported by the Directors Pathfinder Award and the proposed research must be endorsed by the highest levels of institutional management. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the DP4 grant mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NIH intends to commit approximately $10 million under this FOA. We anticipate that up to 5 awards will be made in fiscal year 2010, pending the number and quality of applications and availability of funds.

Purpose. The Jointly Sponsored NIH Predoctoral Training Program in the Neurosciences supports broad and fundamental, early-stage graduate research training in the neurosciences via institutional NRSA research training grants (T32) at domestic institutions of higher education. Trainees are supported during years 1 and 2 of their graduate research training when they are typically not committed to a dissertation laboratory. The primary objective is to prepare qualified individuals for careers in neuroscience that have a significant impact on the health-related research needs of the Nation. Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) Institutional Research Training Grants (T32) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research training will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the number, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The purpose of this individual predoctoral research training fellowship is to improve the diversity of the health-related research workforce by supporting the training of predoctoral students from groups that have been shown to be underrepresented. Such candidates include individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, individuals with disabilities, and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Predoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) award mechanism (F31). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research training will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The purpose of this individual postdoctoral research training fellowship is to provide support to promising Fellowship Applicants with the potential to become productive, independent investigators in scientific health-related research fields relevant to the missions of participating NIH Institutes and Centers. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Postdoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) award mechanism (F32). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research training will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The purpose of this individual predoctoral research training fellowship is to provide support for promising doctoral candidates who will be performing dissertation research and training in scientific health-related fields relevant to the missions of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) during the tenure of the award. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Predoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) award mechanism (F31). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research training will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.