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(Reissue of RFA-NS-18-030) This FOA solicits applications for research projects that use innovative, methodologically-integrated approaches to understand how circuit activity gives rise to mental experience and behavior. The goal is to support projects that can realize a meaningful outcome within 5 years. Applications should address circuit function in the context of specific neural systems such as sensation, perception, attention, reasoning, intention, decision-making, emotion, navigation, communication or homeostasis. Projects should link theory and data analysis to experimental design and should produce predictive models as deliverables. Projects should aim to improve the understanding of circuits of the central nervous system by systematically controlling stimuli and/or behavior while actively recording and/or manipulating dynamic patterns of neural activity. Projects can use non-human and human species, and applications should explain how the selected species offers ideal conditions for revealing general principles about the circuit basis of a specific behavior.

The goal of this Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) is to strengthen NIH-funded biomedical data repositories to better enable data discoverability, interoperability, and reuse by aligning with the FAIR and TRUST principles and using metrics to measure their effectiveness. This NOSI provides an opportunity for existing repositories to increase FAIR-ness and TRUST-worthiness to improve their usage, utility, and impact throughout the data resource lifecycle.

This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is issued by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to enable submission of program project grant applications that propose to conduct innovative, interactive research to answer significant scientific questions that are important for the mission of NINDS, via a synergistic collaboration between outstanding scientists who might not otherwise collaborate. The program project grant is designed to support research in which the funding of several interdependent highly meritorious projects as a group offers significant scientific advantages over support of these same projects as individual research grants.

(Reissue of RFA-NS-18-014) This R34 FOA solicits applications that offer a limited scope of aims and an approach that will establish feasibility, validity, or other technically qualifying results that, if successful, would support, enable, and/or lay the groundwork for a potential, subsequent Targeted Brain Circuits Projects - TargetedBCP R01, as described in the companion FOA (RFA-NS-18-009). Applications should be exploratory research projects that use innovative, methodologically-integrated approaches to understand how circuit activity gives rise to mental experience and behavior.

This Notice announces the reissue of administrative supplements to active awards that focus on biomedical software development or have a significant software development component. The goal of these supplements is to invest in research software tools with recognized value in a scientific community to enhance their impact by leveraging best practices in software development and advances in cloud computing. This initiative is part of a plan for implementing the NIH Strategic Plan for Data Science which describes actions aimed at modernizing the biomedical research data ecosystem and making data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) with high impact for open science. The supplements are intended to support collaborations between biomedical scientists and software engineers to enhance the design, implementation, and cloud-readiness of research software. Through these awards, the NIH Office of Data Science Strategy (ODSS) intends to help researchers who have developed scientifically valuable software to make tools sustainable, contribute to open science, and take advantage of new data science and computing paradigms.

The Blueprint Neurotherapeutics Network for Biologics (BPN-Biologics) provides support for biologic-based therapeutic discovery and development, from lead optimization through phase I clinical testing. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) supports preclinical discovery and development of potential therapeutic Biotechnology Products and Biologics including, but not limited to, large biologic macromolecules, (e.g., proteins, antibodies, and peptides), gene-based therapies (i.e., oligonucleotide- and viral-based), cell therapies, and novel emerging therapies (e.g., microbial and microbiome therapies). Applicants will collaborate with NIH-funded consultants and can augment their project with NIH contract research organizations (CROs) that specialize in manufacturing, scaling, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and Phase I clinical testing. BPN-Biologics awardee institutions retain their assignment of IP rights and gain assignment of IP rights from the BPN-Biologics contractors (and thereby control the patent prosecution and licensing negotiations) for biotherapeutic candidates developed in this program.

Individuals with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) suffer from an excessive increase in heart rate (tachycardia) and other symptoms that worsen upon standing or sitting up, such as light-headedness, shortness of breath, chest pain, and palpitations. It is likely that POTS has multiple underlying mechanisms resulting in subtypes of POTS that need to be identified and characterized. There is evidence that POTS can arise from abnormalities in autonomic nervous system function, immune system function including autoimmunity, regulation of blood volume and blood flow, or a combination of these factors. Genetic factors probably also affect susceptibility to POTS. Many people with POTS report a preceding medical or life-changing event such as viral infection, concussion, surgery, pregnancy, or puberty. Due to the highly variable symptoms and signs of POTS across different people, it is likely that POTS is best defined as a syndrome with several subtypes that have distinct underlying causes.

This initiative will support (1) observational research to understand the role of structural racism and discrimination (SRD) in causing and sustaining health disparities, and (2) intervention research that addresses SRD in order to improve minority health or reduce health disparities.

This proposed initiative aims to solicit applications that focus on developing resources by refining and testing key concepts that will advance and further support the study of the neurocircuitry of force-based manipulations. This grant funding initiative will support research networks through meetings, conferences, small-scale pilot research, multidisciplinary cross training (such as intensive workshops, summer institutes, or visiting scholar programs), and information dissemination to foster the growth and development of research in the specified priority areas listed below.

The purpose of this one year administrative supplement program is to provide deep quality control and molecular phenotyping of ADRD iPSC lines. This program will fund whole genome sequencing (WGS) to fully characterize the genomic integrity of iPSC lines and compare against matched donor DNA WGS (ongoing through other support) for detecting mutation rates between the sources of DNA, source cell material (PBMC & fibroblasts). RNA-Seq and DNA methylation array analysis for the iPSC lines will provide gene expression profiles and methylation signatures to the respective parental cell type to assess the extent somatic memory exists and if this varies across different reprograming protocols. Additionally, we would utilize these data to determine whether somatic mutations occurring during reprogramming have functional consequences in gene expression patterns. This supplement will extend the scientific goals of the NINDS Human Cell and Data Repository (NHCDR) by providing insights into how genetic variants influence convergent ADRD disease pathways.