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The NIH is interested in promoting research and developments in computational science and technology that will support rapid progress in areas of scientific opportunity in biomedical research. As defined here, biomedical computing or biomedical information science and technology includes database design, graphical interfaces, querying approaches, data retrieval, data visualization and manipulation, data integration through the development of integrated analytical tools, and tools for electronic collaboration, as well as computational and mathematical research including the development of structural, functional, integrative, and analytical models and simulations. -This FOA uses the R21 exploratory/development mechanism. This particular FOA is intended to support exploratory biomedical informatics and computational biology researchapplications should be innovative, with high risk/high impact in new areas that are lacking preliminary data or development. Applications for R21 awards should describe projects distinct from those supported through the traditional R01 mechanism. In the latter case, investigators should consult the parallel announcement PAR-06-410 Innovations in Biomedical Computing Science and Technology. For example, long-term projects, or projects designed to increase knowledge in a well-established area will not be considered for R21 awards. -Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. -The total project period for an application submitted in response to this funding opportunity may not exceed two years. Direct costs are limited to $275,000 over an R21 two-year period, with no more than $200,000 in direct costs allowed in any single year. -Eligible organizations: For profit organizations; Non-profit organizations; Public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals and laboratories; Units of State government; Units of local government; Eligible institutions of the Federal government; Domestic institutions; Foreign institutions; Faith-based or community-based organizations; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); and Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization. -Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators (PD/PIs): Any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research is invited to work with their institution to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. -Applicants may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct.

-The goal of this initiative is to provide funding opportunities for the increasing pool of foreign basic and biomedical scientists, clinical investigators, nurses, and other health professionals with state-of-the-art knowledge of research methods to advance critical issues in global health upon their return to their home countries through basic and biomedical sciences research and technology development. -Individual awards are limited to a maximum of $50,000 direct costs per year. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality and costs of the applications received. -This announcement will use the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, and the modular grant format. -Eligible organizations include for-profit and non-profit organizations; public or private institutions; faith-based or community-based organizations; foreign institutions; units of state and local governments of low- and middle-income countries (based on Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, classified by the World Bank). -Eligible Principal Investigators include individuals from eligible institutions in low- or middle-income countries (and returning to such countries) who have: (a) at least two years of research training experience under an FIC-supported training grant (D43 or U2R); (b) one year of such D43 or U2R training experience coupled with one year of significant, well-documented mentored research experience; (c) one year of the NIDA INVEST or HUMPHREY Fellowships plus one or more years of mentored research experience; (d) at least two years of research training experience through the NIH Intramural Visiting Fellows Program; (e) one year of research experience through the Human Frontier Science Program and one subsequent year of mentored research experience or (f) two years of research training experience through the International Neuroscience Fellowship (F05), or one year of such experience plus one subsequent year of mentored research experience, either in the U.S. or abroad. -Only one application will be accepted per applicant per submission date. -The award is non-renewable. An investigator cannot receive a second award in this program. -The Principal Investigator (PI) is expected to devote at least 50 percent of his/her total effort to this project. -Though there are three receipt dates, the 2007 and 2008 receipt dates will be under a new announcement, to be published later. Note carefully that the new announcement will require the 424 electronic applications. -This basic science research program is a companion Program Announcement to PAR-05-082, which is primarily for behavioral and social science biomedical research. -See Section IV.1 for application materials. -Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088

-This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) solicits Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant applications for the support of research designed to elucidate the diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, genetics, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to Autistic Disorder ("autism") and autism spectrum disorders (Rett's Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, or "Atypical Autism").Basic, clinical, and applied studies are encouraged. -This FOA is meant to support the broad research goals of the Autism Research Matrix (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/autismiacc/researchmatrix.pdf) -This FOA will utilize the Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope that solicit applications under the small research grant (R03) mechanism as stated in PA-06-391 and the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) as stated in PA-06-390.Applicants for the R03 and R01 awards must follow the guidelines for submission in their respective announcements. -Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. -Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. -The total project period for an application submitted in response to this funding opportunity may not exceed two years. Direct costs are limited to $275,000 over an R21 two-year period, with no more than $200,000 in direct costs allowed in any single year. -Eligible organizations: For profit organizations; Non-profit organizations; Public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals and laboratories; Units of State government; Units of local government; Eligible institutions of the Federal government; Domestic institutions; Foreign institutions; Faith-based or community-based organizations; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); and Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization.-Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators (PD/PIs): Any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research is invited to work with their institution to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. -Applicants may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct.

-The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage grant applications for the support of research designed to elucidate the diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, genetics, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to Autistic Disorder ("autism") and autism spectrum disorders (Rett's Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, or "Atypical Autism"). Basic, clinical and applied studied are encouraged. -This FOA is intended to support the broad research goals of the Autism Research Matrix (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/autismiacc/researchmatrix.pdf) -This funding opportunity will use the NIH Research Project Grant (R01). This funding opportunity will also be run in parallel with two program announcements of identical scientific scope (PA-06-391and PA-06-392) that will utilize the small research grant (R03) and the exploratory/developmental (R21) grant mechanism. Applicants for the R03 and R21 awards must be submitted electronically, following the guidelines for submission in their respective announcements. -Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, costs, as well as the number of applications received. Funding decisions will reflect the needs, priorities and mission of the funding IC(s). -Eligible organizations include for-profit organizations, non-profit organizations, public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals, and laboratories, units of State government, units of local government, eligible agencies of the Federal government, non-domestic institutions, domestic Institutions, faith-based or community-based organizations, Indian/Native American Tribal government (Federally recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal government (other than Federally recognized); and Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization. -Any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research is invited to work with their institution to develop an application for support. -Applicants may submit more than one application, provided they are scientifically distinct. -See Section IV.1 for application materials. -Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088.

-This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) solicits the Small Research (R03) grant mechanism for the support of research designed to elucidate the diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, genetics, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to Autistic Disorder ("autism") and autism spectrum disorders (Rett's Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, or "Atypical Autism").Basic, clinical, and applied studies are encouraged. -This FOA is meant to support the broad research goals of the Autism Research Matrix (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/autismiacc/researchmatrix.pdf) -This FOA will utilize the Small Research (R03) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope that solicit applications under the Exploratory/Developmental Research (R21) mechanism as stated in PA-06-392and the traditional research project grant (R01) as stated in PA-06-390.Applicants for the R21 and R01 awards must follow the guidelines for submission in their respective announcements. -Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. -R03 grant mechanism supports different types of projects including pilot and feasibility studies; secondary analysis of existing data; small, self-contained research projects; development of research methodology; and development of new research technology.-The R03 is intended to support small research projects that can be carried out in a short period of time with limited resources. The R03 is not renewable.-Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. -Budgets for direct costs of up to $50,000 per year and a project duration of up to two years may be requested for a maximum of $100,000 direct costs over a two-year project period. -Eligible organizations: For-profit organizations; non-profit organizations; public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals, and laboratories; units of State government; units of local government; eligible institutions of the Federal government; domestic institutions; foreign institutions; faith-based or community-based organizations; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); and Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization. -Eligible Project Director/Principal Investigators (PD/PIs): Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their institution to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. -Applicants may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct.

-The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite grant applications to expand basic and translational research on the processes and mechanisms involved in the experience, expression and regulation of emotion. -This funding opportunity will use the NIH Research Project Grant (R01); however, applications for the NIH Small Research Grant (R03) and the NIH Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant (R21) are also encouraged. Applicants for the R03 or R21 MUST submit their applications electronically and should respond to the NIH Parent FOA for Small Research Grants: PA-06-180, or the NIH Parent FOA for Exploratory/Developmental Grants: PA-06-181. -Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, costs, as well as the number of applications received. Funding decisions will reflect the needs, priorities and mission of the funding IC(s). -Eligible organizations include for-profit organizations, non-profit organizations, public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals, and laboratories, units of State government, units of local government, eligible agencies of the Federal government, non-domestic institutions, domestic Institutions, faith-based or community-based organizations, Indian/Native American Tribal government (Federally recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal government (other than Federally recognized); and Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization. -Any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research is invited to work with their institution to develop an application for support. -Applicants may submit more than one application, provided they are scientifically distinct. -See Section IV.1 for application materials. -Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088.

-The purpose of this initiative is to solicit applications for the Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials (NETT) Network Statistical and Data Management Center, which will provide data management and biostatistical support for the NETT Network. -Applications for a NETT Network Clinical Coordinating Center (RFA NS-06-002, release date November 1, 2005 - http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-NS-06-002.html) and for 11 clinical sites to serve as “Hubs” for regional emergency department consortia are being sought in separate solicitations. -NINDS has set aside $500,000 in direct costs for this RFA, to be awarded in FY 2006. -One award will be made in response to this RFA. -The award mechanism to be used is the NIH U01 cooperative agreement mechanism. Applicants will be solely responsible for planning, directing, and executing the proposed project. NIH staff will be substantially involved as a partner with the Principal Investigator. -Eligible organizations include: for-profit or non-profit organizations, public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals, and laboratories, units of State and local governments, eligible agencies of the Federal government, domestic institutions/organizations, faith-based or community-based organizations, and Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); and Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization. Foreign institutions are not eligible to apply. -Any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research is invited to work with their institution to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. -See Section IV.1 for application materials. -Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088

-The overall purpose of this initiative is to solicit applications for clinical site hubs to provide clinical infrastructure within the Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials (NETT) Network for the evaluation of treatments for patients with a broad spectrum of neurological emergencies. -This is a companion RFA to the NETT Network Coordinating Center (RFA NS-06-002, http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-NS-06-002.html) and to the NETT Statistical and Data Management Center (RFA NS-06-008). -An applicant may request a project period of up to 5 years, and up to $200,000 in direct costs per year to develop the Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials (NETT) Network and complete two clinical trials of interventions for neurological emergencies. -An amount of $200,000 in direct costs will be awarded per Hub, in FY 2006 -As many as eleven awards will be made in response to this RFA. -The award mechanism to be used is the NIH U10 clinical research cooperative agreement mechanism. Applicants will be solely responsible for planning, directing, and executing the proposed project.NIH staff will be substantially involved as a partner with the Principal Investigator. -Eligible organizations include: for-profit or non-profit organizations, public or private institutions such as universities, colleges, hospitals, and laboratories, units of State and local government, eligible agencies of the federal government, domestic institutions/organizations, faith-based or community-based organizations, Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); and Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization. Foreign institutions are not eligible to apply. -Any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research is invited to work with their institution to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. -See Section IV.1 for application materials. -Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088

-The National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards individual postdoctoral research training fellowships to promising applicants with the potential to become productive, independent investigators in research fields relevant to the missions of participating NIH Institutes and Centers. -The primary objective of this funding opportunity is to help ensure that diverse pools of highly trained scientists will be available in adequate numbers and in appropriate research areas to carry out the Nations biomedical, behavioral and clinical research agendas. -The number of awards and the total amount of funding that the participating NIH Institutes and Centers expect to award through this announcement will depend on the scientific merit of applications received, relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers, and the availability of funds. -Eligible organizations include for-profit and non-profit organizations, public or private institutions such as universities, colleges, hospitals and laboratories, units of State and local governments, eligible agencies and labs of the Federal government including NIH intramural labs, domestic or foreign institutions/organizations. -Applicant fellows must be citizens or non-citizen nationals of the United States, or have been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence and have in their possession an Alien Registration Receipt Card (I-151 or I-551), or other legal verification of such status at the time of award.Non-citizen nationals are generally persons born in outlying possessions of the United States, i.e. American Samoa and Swains Island. Individuals on temporary or student visas are not eligible. Individuals may apply for the F32 award in advance of admission to the United States as a Permanent Resident recognizing that no award will be made until legal verification of Permanent Resident status is provided. -An individual may not have two or more competing NIH fellowship applications pending review concurrently. In addition, the NIH Center for Scientific Review (CSR) will not accept for review any application that is essentially the same as one already reviewed. This does not preclude the submission of a substantial revision of an application already reviewed, but such application must include an Introduction addressing the critique of the previous application. -Applicants submitting revised applications must follow the instructions for Revised Applications, PHS 416-1 (Rev.10/05).Up to two revised applications may be submitted. -Application materials and instructions are available at: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/416/phs416.htm. It is important to note that the PHS 416-1 application form has been restructured and the instructions have been significantly modified 10/05.See: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-06-016.html released December 9, 2005. -Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088.

-This FOA will use the Research Project R01 grant mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope for Small Research Grants R03 (PA-06-367) and Exploratory/Developmental Grants R21 (PA-06-368) mechanisms to align proposed studies with i) investigator experience and ii) the state of knowledge in fields of interest. -Research Project applications must include hypotheses and preliminary data for proposed empirical research. Applicants are strongly encouraged to take into consideration issues that have relevance to specific missions of the NIH participating components. -Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. -Eligible organizations: For-profit or non-profit organizations; public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals, and laboratories; units of State and local governments; eligible agencies of the Federal government; domestic or foreign institutions/organizations; faith-based or community-based organizations; and Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); and Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization. -Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators (PD/PIs) include any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research is invited to work with their institution/organization to develop an application for support. PD/PI from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support -Applicants may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct. -See Section IV.1. for application materials. -Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088.