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The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to provide an expedited (rapid) funding mechanism for research on Zika virus (ZIKV) and its complications.ZIKV is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitos, though both perinatal/in utero and sexual transmission have been reported.Initially discovered in 1947, it has been reported in the Americas since 2014, with a major outbreak in Brazil starting in 2015.Disease is seen in about 20% of infected people and is usually self-limited.However, a possible association between ZIKV infection in pregnant women and severe microcephaly in their babies has been very concerning and prompted the World Health Organization to declare this potential complication a public health emergency. Additionally the virus has been found in blood, fueling growing concerns about the risk of transfusion-transmissionwith particular concern over severe outcomes in at risk transfusion recipient populations such as women who are pregnant.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support hypothesis-testing research to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie diffuse white matter disease of vascular origin including multifocal, small, and silent brain infarcts that may contribute to cognitive impairment and dementia.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is an initiative of the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research (http://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/), a collaborative and coordinated effort across 13 Institutes and Centers that support research, research education, and research training with the goal of accelerating the pace of discovery in neuroscience research. This FOA will support integrated research education and research training programs that provide interdisciplinary training in experimental neuroscience and the theoretical and technological approaches of computational neuroscience at the undergraduate and predoctoral level.

The purpose of this FOA is to support the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse and to enable collaborative research in neuroimaging informatics

The purpose of the NIH Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00) program is to increase and maintain a strong cohort of new and talented, NIH-supported, independent investigators. This program is designed to facilitate a timely transition of outstanding postdoctoral researchers with a research and/or clinical doctorate degree from mentored, postdoctoral research positions to independent, tenure-track or equivalent faculty positions. The program will provide independent NIH research support during this transition in order to help awardees to launch competitive, independent research careers.

The Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) announces the availability of administrative supplements to support research highlighting the impact of sex/gender differences (or similarities) and/or sex and gender factors in human health and illness, including basic, preclinical, clinical and behavioral studies. Of special interest are studies relevant to understanding of the significance of biological sex on cells; comparative studies of male and female tissues, organ systems and physiological systems; sex based comparisons of pathophysiology, biomarkers, gene expression, clinical presentation and prevention and treatment of diseases The proposed research must address at least one objective from Goals 1 through 3 of the NIH Strategic Plan for Women's Health Research.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage small business concerns (SBCs) to pursue translational non-clinical studies and clinical studies for recording and/or stimulating devices to treat nervous system disorders and thereby better understand the human brain.The program will utilize a cooperative agreement mechanism to support the non-clinical studies necessary for the submission of an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) for a Significant Risk (SR) study or to obtain Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval for a Non-Significant Risk (NSR) study, and the subsequent small clinical study (e.g., Early Feasibility Study).Activities supported in this program include implementation of clinical prototype devices, non-clinical safety and efficacy testing, design verification and validation activities, and pursuit of regulatory approval for, and implementation of, a single small clinical study. The small clinical study should provide data to answer key questions about the function or final design of a device.This final device design may require most, if not all, of the non-clinical testing on the path to more advanced clinical trials and market approval.The clinical study is expected to provide information that cannot be practically obtained through additional non-clinical assessments (e.g., bench top or animal studies) due to the novelty of the device or its intended use.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage small business concerns (SBCs) to pursue a small clinical study to obtain critical information necessary to advance recording and/or stimulating devices to treat central nervous system disorders and thereby better understand the human brain (e.g., Early Feasibility Study).Clinical studies supported may consist of acute or short-term procedures that are deemed Non-Significant Risk (NSR) by an Institutional Review Board (IRB), or Significant Risk (SR) studies that require an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) from the FDA, such as chronic implants.The clinical study should provide data to answer key questions about the function or final design of a device.This final device design may require most, if not all, of the non-clinical testing on the path to more advanced clinical trials and market approval.The clinical study is expected to provide information that cannot be practically obtained through additional non-clinical assessments (e.g., bench top or animal studies) due to the novelty of the device or its intended use. Activities supported by this Funding Opportunity include a small clinical study to answer key questions about the function or final design of a device.

The purpose of the U.S.-China Program for Biomedical Collaborative Research is to stimulate collaborative basic, translational, and clinical research between United States (U.S.)-based researchers and Chinese researchers in the areas of allergy, immunology, and infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS and its co-morbidities and co-infections, mental health, and selected neurological disorders.

A central goal of the BRAIN Initiative is to understand how electrical and chemical signals code information in neural circuits and give rise to sensations, thoughts, emotions and actions. While currently available technologies can provide some understanding, they may not be sufficient to accomplish this goal. For example, non-invasive technologies are low resolution and/or provide indirect measures such as blood flow, which are imprecise; invasive technologies can provide information at the level of single neurons producing the fundamental biophysical signals, but they can only be applied to tens or hundreds of neurons, out of a total number in the human brain estimated at 85 billion.